The Ethical Issue Of Robotics - 1199 Words

The Main Ethical Issue in Robotics Contact: Ganesh Sasidharan Submitted to: Mr. Denard Lynch Submitted: Monday, December 7, 2015 Table of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Robotics 5 2.2 Robotics Growth and Development 2.3 Robot versus Humans 2.4 Social and Economic Backlash 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 4.0 References 10 5.0 Figure 10 5.2.1 Figure Showing Humanoid for Entertainment Purpose 6 5.3.1 Figure Showing the World Robot Population of 2011 7 1.0 Introduction Today, there are many organizations that are focusing on developing robots that can get into the daily lives of the humans. With the advancement of technology, robots have become most common all over the world, covering military to entertainment purposes. Intention of the people to create sophisticated machineries with the help of computers contributed to its growth. As this technology advances, it affects the human race in an adverse condition. Human workers are increasingly becoming unemployed due toShow MoreRelatedRobotic Surgery1375 Words   |  6 PagesRobotic Surgery The ethics of robotic surgery is a multi-faceted topic of debate with many different viewpoints all worthy of deeper exploration and consideration. Medicine is ever-changing due to major technological innovations and government regulations. With all these changing factors in medicine, the focus should always be to provide the best possible care for the end user, or the patients. Is robotic surgery the best way to provide for the end user? There are many concerns and questionsRead MorePolitical Implications And Robotic Surgery1285 Words   |  5 Pagespoint, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications. 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Women s Rights Women And Public Policy - 2739 Words

The half of world’s population is female and women are actively participating in politics across the globe. However, women are still subjected to men in many ways and still face entrenched inequality. Everyone experience the distinct contrast between masculinity and femininity in everyday and patriarchy is too dominant in most societies. The patriarchal system places masculinity above femininity, and men are privileged as a result. Women s rights are increasingly on the rise. For example, South Korea has elected a female president in 2013 and she is the first female president in the history of Korea. This is the sign of rise of women s right a lot. In this essay, it will show how some influence in the country and to ensure that women have the power and the state of feminism, women s political participation, women and public policy, let s respect. 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Whether that be during the developmental childhood years, or into adulthood where women are underrepresented by the media or portrayed as â€Å"eye candy† for men and not afforded the same opportunities. A pin from Pinterest leads to a story for the Huffington Post, written by Caroline Bologna, of a seven-year-old name Maggie, who while shopping at a chain store,Read MoreCluster 1: Article 7 (Women In Political And Public Life).1386 Words   |  6 PagesCluster 1: Article 7 (Women in Political and Public Life) Issue: Women in Brazil aren t represented equally in political and public life in comparison to their male counterparts. Specifically, women are represented less within political parties and even lower within parliament and government. 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So women will be in lower classes and be discriminated. The government and women still need work on this. Education In Canada, women generally do better in education and schooling than men with more number of students and higher grades. From the figure 1 we can see that the percentage of women among full-time university enrolments raised in the

Tannen’s Genderlect Styles Applied to Communication Problems free essay sample

It is been said many times that men will never understand women and vice versa. This stems from the continuing problem known as miscommunication. It is safe to assume that we have all, at one time or another, have found ourselves frustrated and unsatisfied with the opposite sex. When it comes to intimate relationships, this concept seems to rise at a greater level of agitation and tension than other relations with people. Deborah Tannen’s Genderlect Theory gives insight to where these communication complications come from between opposite sexes. She highlights the matters of communication differences such as: (1) women’s rapport versus men’s report, (2) the idea of public versus private speaking which include matters of conversation, storytelling, listening skills, asking questions, and conflict, as well as (3) metamessages. I will use Tannen’s theory as a frame to understand the communication problems within my own relationship. I will apply each key point of the theory to the problems that are present in my relationship. I propose that by in doing so, I will be able to understand and begin to pursue a better channel of communication with my boyfriend. Introduction I grew up as an only child and I allegedly have been known to have the sham disorder of â€Å"only child syndrome. † So with this said, I have to confess that I am used to getting my way in anything and everything. I was raised by a very unhappy, strict father who chose to show his love for me by spoiling me with money. My mother was a stay at home mom who had little say in my upbringing. Obviously, I and still am very stubborn; and when I do not agree with an issue, I tend to have a â€Å"know it all† attitude. In turn, when an argument arises with my boyfriend, I am overly emotional and stubborn (as stated before). On the other hand, my boyfriend grew up in a household of five children with two working parents. He learned at a young age that grudges were not productive when it came to relationships with his siblings. Now, as an adult, he is much more clear and concise when it comes to arguing. He wants to get to the core of the problem, fix it, and move on. I want to have attributes similar to his when it comes to us arguing but because I am so emotional, it seems that it will be difficult to accomplish. I am expecting to find insight to the reasons behind why our communication styles are so different by applying Tannen’s Genderlect theory to my relationship; as well as how to develop a better communication channel. Review of Literature Parental Influence on Conflict Management Gender roles and conflict management are often connected. For example, egalitarian husbands and wives communicate more openly about work and family, try to compromise in decision making, and tend to engage in open conflict comparative to traditional couples (Amato amp; Booth, 1997). On the other hand, according to Kaufman (2000) traditional husbands and wives may not view conflict as something to engage in outwardly, and highly traditional attitudes that embrace strict devotion to traditional masculinity and femininity could be associated with less compromising seeking and possibly more acts of control in relationships. Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997, 2002) stated that how a person’s family deals with conflict is often predictive of how they will deal with conflict in their own relationships. Couples Conflict Conflict is natural and inevitable in all relationships. A person’s experience of interpersonal conflict is often highest with ones significant other (Argyle and Furnham, 1983). Marital relationships are particularly prone to conflict because spouses develop a great deal of shared intimacy and interdependence. These qualities make the partners more vulnerable to one another. In addition, research has shown that the mere existence of conflict is not necessarily bad. In fact, some conflict produces positive outcomes. Conflict allows relational partners to express important feelings and to create solutions to problems. Further, well managed conflict can strengthen relational connections and increase relational unity. Loneliness Loneliness is a universal social occurrence. Perlman and Peplau (1981) define oneliness as the disturbing experience that occurs when a person feels that his or her network of social relations does not fulfill the person’s needs in important ways. About one-third of young and middle-aged adults have reported moderate to serious loneliness (Dykstra, van Tilburg, amp; de Jong-Gierveld, 2005). Exercising Communication Techniques Examining communication patterns in couples is crucial to helping couples gain awareness of the processes they use to communicate with eac h other. However, as Weeks and Treat (2001) point out, there are few techniques that specifically focus on this aspect of couples’ communication. The ‘‘I Said, You Said’’ exercise provides an example of such a technique, which begins by purposefully eliminating the use of visual non-verbal cues in the couple’s conversation patterns in order to focus on the verbal components of messages. This exercise starts at the very basic level of what do you say, and what do you hear. This exercise gradually increases the emotional intensity. This implies that over time a person will internalize the initial skills taught in such a way that the skills will build upon previous experiences in an effort toward mastery (Vygotsky 1978; Wood et al. 1976). As the partners become more aware of how they are communicating with each other, they gain a better understanding of their own unique interactive patterns. This awareness opens up possibilities for them to change their ineffective communication patterns and ultimately improve their relationship. Among her other works, the topics of her articles and 22 books have included analysis of conversational discourse, spoken and written language, orality and literacy, doctor-patient communication, cross-cultural communication, modern Greek discourse, formulaicity, framing, the relationship between conversational and literary discourse, narrative, and gender and language. What Is Genderlect? Genderlect is the term used by Em Griffin (2000) to label Deborah Tannen’s theory of â€Å"cross-cultural communication† which describes communication between men and women. Griffin continues to explain, â€Å"The term genderlect suggests that masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as two distinct cultural dialects rather than as inferior or superior ways of speaking† (p. 430). Overview of the Theory The effort of understanding the different types of communication between men and women is valuable because it will enhance better working relationships and help reduce misunderstandings and conflicts. Ultimately, it is all about conversational style, not what people say but how they say it. In Texts, Tannen assumes that male and female conversational styles are equally valid; however, she states, â€Å"we try to talk to each other honestly, but it seems at times that we are speaking in different languages – or at least different genderlects† (Tannen, 1990, pp. 109-111). Rapport versus Report In her book, â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation,† Tannen (1990) writes, â€Å"for most women; the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. On the other hand, Tannen refers to conversation for most men as a â€Å"primary means to preserve independence, and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order† (p. 77). So basically, status and connection are the primary goals driving men and women’s conversation styles. Public versus Private To better understand this concept of Tannen’s theory, Griffin (2000) has summarized it down into the following five main areas: (1) conversation, (2) storytelling, (3) listening skills, (4) asking questions, and (5) conflict. Conversation Tannen (1990) states that women do most of the talking in private conversations such as when they are at home. Most men on the other hand, are very quiet at home, but will freely talk up in public and participate in discussion groups. To elaborate on this point, men use a reporting communication style, â€Å"to command attention, convey information, and insist on agreement† (Griffin, 2000, p. 433), also avoiding small talk. Women on the other hand have a rapport communications style enjoying private conversations. However, when in a public situation, women aren’t as comfortable in voicing their opinions. Storytelling Tannen agrees with other theorists that stories are told by men and women as a means to conveying aspirations, desires and ideals. Men are usually the heroes in their own stories and often portray an event in a humorous manner, which holds the attention of the audience. Women however, do not like to be the center of attention. Rather, they seek acceptance by relaying stories about other people and if talking about themselves, will often describe the situation in a belittling manner, which everyone can relate to (Tannen, 1990, 1992; Griffin, 2000). Listening Skills Women are active listeners, which mean that when someone is talking to them, they will talk back, or nod to show they are listening, building a rapport with the speaker. Men on the other hand don’t say much at all. Men find it rude when someone talks while they are talking as this can be seen as a move to challenge ones position on the status ladder. Woman use nonverbal communication to show that they care about what the speaker has to say. With this said, women perceive a silent man during conversation as a man who isn’t interested and not listening. Asking Questions Women in conversation will ask questions to show interest and agreement in the subject. Men on the other hand ask questions to query that the other person really knows what they are talking about. Tannen (1990) also approaches the issue of men’s reluctance to ask question in situation where they require assistance, as this action portrays him as being dependent on the person providing the information, thus lowering their status. Whereas women will happily ask for help such as getting directions from another individual who may know where a particular place is located. Conflict According to Tannen, competition for status drives men; therefore they are more at ease with conflict. Men use conflict to determine their place in the pecking order. On the other hand â€Å"to most women, conflict is a threat to connection† (Tannen, 1990, p. 150). Tannen also goes on to say that women will do anything to avoid getting into a conflict. Metamessages Tannen (1990, 1992) describes metamessages as the unspoken or underlying messages contained in the actual message. These could be the tone in which the message is delivered and the non-verbal messages that are displayed by the speaker, such as gestures and facial expressions. Application Parental Infuence To begin understanding my own relationship with my boyfriend, I believe that our different household environments and upbringings played a key role in how we engage in our communication as well as our conflicts. To reiterate, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997, 2002) stated that how a person’s family deals with conflict is often predictive of how they will deal with conflict in their own relationships. I was raised in a traditional household filled with dissatisfaction, silence and verbal abuse which in turn conditioned me to become overly emotional or cold-hearted with no emotion during conflict. There typically is no in between in these two temperaments. I assume I acquired my father’s qualities of dominance, stubbornness, and need to be right. On the contrary, I also emotionally shut down completely and become silent which reflects the attributes that I saw in my mothers. My boyfriend grew up in an egalitarian household where open communication was a key factor to everyday life of a big family. In times of conflict, he always wants to get to the core of the problem and just fix it. However, it my defense, there is always so much more to a conflict than what is at the core. The Situation A conflict about diet that my boyfriend and I once had is a good example of what Tannen (1990) refers to in her theory as genderlect styles. We got into an argument because my boyfriend had decided he would start a diet to get himself back into shape before his ten year high school reunion. When I asked about his unusual choice of food (tuna salad and a grilled piece of chicken) one day at lunch, he simply replied that he was going on a diet. He continued on to suggest that it may be nice to do something together such as this diet. Before my boyfriend could finish what was saying, I was infuriated and started to make comments about what we both looked like when we first dated and how he was the only one whose weight had changed drastically for the worse. To say the least, the rest of the lunch was eaten I silence as well as the ride home. Throughout that day, my boyfriend tried to figure out what had happened and what he had done so wrong. At the end of the night before I went home, he asked me what he had done wrong or said because he had no idea why I was so upset. This conflict leads to the key points that Tannen highlights in her Genderlect Theory. Applying Genderlect First, to recap, genderlect is the term used by Em Griffin (2000) to label Deborah Tannen’s theory of â€Å"cross-cultural communication† which describes communication between men and women. She argues that men and women have two completely different styles of communicating which leads to miscommunication and conflict in intimate relationships. Applying Rapport verus Report This concept is broken up into women’s rapport and men’s report. Tannen (1990) states, â€Å"for most women; the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. On the other hand, Tannen refers to conversation for most men as a â€Å"primary means to preserve independence, and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order† (p. 77). So basically, status and connection are the primary goals driving men and women’s conversation styles. In the conflict I had with my boyfriend, I perceived his comment about us both dieting as a way of calling me fat. I felt as though he had been purposefully hurtful and uncaring about my feelings. However; he had no intention of doing either. He had really only meant to say that he wanted to get back in shape because he did not feel good about his image and especially his health. We both have been athletes all of our lives and enjoy playing sports, doing outdoor activities and exercising. However, with our incredibly busy schedules, neither of us has been able to be physically active which we both love. So his comment about both of us dieting and getting in shape was just an idea to spend some time together doing something to better our health and overall lives. Applying Tannen’s Concept of Conflict The fact that I had made cruel comments and proceeded to give him the silent treatment after our conflict was not the right route to take. On the topic of conflict, Tannen says that women will do anything to avoid conflict; I did avoid conflict by giving my boyfriend the silent treatment; however, I exploded on him first. My boyfriend did try to figure out what he done wrong throughout the day because he did not know what he done wrong. Tannen states that competition for status drives men; therefore they are more at ease with conflict. My boyfriend was definitely more calm and collective when I exploded on him and did not proceed to make matters worse by arguing with me at lunch. He wanted to take the role of being the better person and find a solution. Applying the Concept of Metamessages Furthermore, my boyfriend did not mean to offend me nor did he expect me to get mad by his comment. His comment was concise and to the point of what he meant; he wanted to start getting healthy and making better choices with diet and exercise. However, I perceived his message completely wrong because I heard another message which was that I was fat. Tannen (1990, 1992) describes this as metamessages which is the unspoken or underlying messages contained in the actual message. Since I was somewhat already irritated with my boyfriend because he chose to go out with his friends the night before than watch movies at home with me; I felt as though he did not care about me (which is not true) so I took his comment to an extreme of an underlying message. Future Relationship Maintenance Tannen gives insight to what occurred in my conflict with my boyfriend. The differences of how we communicate are important to understanding each other. The ‘‘I Said, You Said’’ exercise provides an example of such a technique, which begins by purposefully eliminating the use of visual non-verbal cues in the couple’s conversation patterns in order to focus on the verbal components of messages. Communication patterns in couples are crucial to helping couples gain awareness of the processes they use to communicate with each other. With Tannen’s genderlect styles and the practice of such communication exercises will help my boyfriend and I better understand each other as well as help avoid future communication conflicts. Critique There were a couple strengths and weaknesses in my paper. Applying the Genderlect Theory to my topic of Commination Problems in Intimate Relationships was successful to an extent. Tannen’s key point on rapport and report proved to be significant in my research and application. The different styles of communication were highlighted when introduced to the application portion of the paper discussing the actual event of conflict. However, Tannen theory explains that women see conflict as a threat to connection with another person so they avoid it at all costs. This is where I believe a weakness occurs because with experience, I assume women partake in conflict much more than men. This is based on the cattiness and issues of insecurities that women have with each other. If I was to suggest research for the future, I would pursue the issues about parental conflict styles which influence their children’s intimate conflict relationships later on in life. I believe that these influences have immense effect on how my boyfriend and I choose to act during conflicts. Conclusion The fact that I grew up in a traditional household shaped my communication styles to be more difficult. Since am a woman, Tannen genderlect style applies to the way I communicate. With the two concepts understood, I realize that I have an issue with clear communication. So I need to work on listening as well as understanding that my boyfriend communicates differently than I do. Since he grew up in an egalitarian household, he has more positive attributes to resolving conflict and understanding that I perceive our communication differently. I believe that we both need to work on our communication skills more when it comes to heated issues as well as taking into consideration each other’s feelings. By researching issues of relationships and applying what I learned to Tannen’s Genderlect Theory, I believe that my boyfriend and myself now have a greater chance at successful having a successful channel of communication and understanding.

Stem Cell Debate Essay Example For Students

Stem Cell Debate Essay Few recent scientific issues have stimulated so much media attention, public debate and government involvement as that of stem cell research. Stem cells offer people hope by promising to greatly extend the number and range of patients who could benefit from transplants, and to provide novel therapies to treat debilitating diseases such as diabetes, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, heart disease and stroke, as well as accidental damage such as spinal cord injury. So why would anyone object to research in this area? The problem is simply that a particular type of stem cell, which potentially could provide many cell types for a wide range of therapeutic uses, is obtained from the very early embryo. To make matters even more contentious, the same cloning technology that gave Dolly the sheep could in theory be used to tailor stem cells to the patient. Some people worry that we are taking research too far down paths that make them feel uncomfortable, others think it is downright immoral and agains t their deep-held, often religious, beliefs. We will write a custom essay on Stem Cell Debate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But what are the scientific issues and why do many of us feel equally passionate that the research should be allowed? What are meant by stem cells and how might they be used? There are many types of stem cell, but they share several interesting properties that set them aside from other cell types. The adult body contains hundreds of specialised or differentiated cell types, each playing a particular role. Some of these are long lived and do not divide, such as nerve cells; others are short lived and need to be replaced through cell division. Usually, when cells divide, their daughter cells are identical and of the same type as the parent cell. In other words they divide symmetrically. Additionally, their fate and their properties are fixed once a liver cell, always a liver cell. In contrast, stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, producing both another stem cell, in a process called self-renewal, and a cell that will become differentiated. The differentiated cell may still be able to divide, but it cannot normally go back to form the original type of cell. In some circumstances stem cells can increase their numbers, giving rise only to more stem cells. However, stem cells in the adult are usually in tune with the tissue to which they belong. They divide at the appropriate rate to self renew and to give rise to just sufficient differentiated cells to replenish those that have been lost. However, with accidental trauma or disease the normal rate of regeneration is often too slow to allow for repair. This is particularly true within the nervous system, but also in other tissues where turnover is low, such as the pancreas. How can we harness stem cells to cure diseases? We have become very used to the idea of organ transplants in medicine, to treat a wide range of problems from cataracts to kidney or heart disease. However, we are also all aware of the frequency with which they fail, often through immune rejection, and there is also a serious shortage of organ donors. Both problems could be solved if tissue could be taken from one part of the body to repair another part of the same individual. There are relatively few cases where this is done at present, e.g. using valves from leg veins to repair heart valves. Rather than using whole donor organs or tissues, an alternative would be to use the stem cells able to form those tissues. In fact this is already done with bone marrow transplants, where the stem cells in the graft can regenerate all the different types of cell in the blood. Other types of stem cell could be used in a similar way. For example, the correct stem cell type might allow specific cell types to be replaced in the nervous system, where it is impossible to transplant whole structures. The idea is to identify and remove the stem cells from a particular tissue, multiply them outside of the body and then use them to replace damaged tissue. .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .postImageUrl , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:hover , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:visited , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:active { border:0!important; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:active , .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64 .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u870d4f9d6a94f34ca0ad2ccbc1cf9b64:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Devil and Daniel Webster Movie Essay This is already done to some extent to repair skin in burn victims, where a small piece of skin can be grown to cover a burn many times the . Stem Cell Debate Essay Example For Students Stem Cell Debate Essay Few recent scientific issues have stimulated so much media attention, public debate and government involvement as that of stem cell research. Stem cells offer people hope by promising to greatly extend the number and range of patients who could benefit from transplants, and to provide novel therapies to treat debilitating diseases such as diabetes, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, heart disease and stroke, as well as accidental damage such as spinal cord injury. So why would anyone object to research in this area? The problem is simply that a particular type of stem cell, which potentially could provide many cell types for a wide range of therapeutic uses, is obtained from the very early embryo. To make matters even more contentious, the same cloning technology that gave Dolly the sheep could in theory be used to tailor stem cells to the patient. Some people worry that we are taking research too far down paths that make them feel uncomfortable, others think it is downright immoral and agains t their deep-held, often religious, beliefs. We will write a custom essay on Stem Cell Debate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But what are the scientific issues and why do many of us feel equally passionate that the research should be allowed? What are meant by stem cells and how might they be used? There are many types of stem cell, but they share several interesting properties that set them aside from other cell types. The adult body contains hundreds of specialised or differentiated cell types, each playing a particular role. Some of these are long lived and do not divide, such as nerve cells; others are short lived and need to be replaced through cell division. Usually, when cells divide, their daughter cells are identical and of the same type as the parent cell. In other words they divide symmetrically. Additionally, their fate and their properties are fixed once a liver cell, always a liver cell. In contrast, stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, producing both another stem cell, in a process called self-renewal, and a cell that will become differentiated. The differentiated cell may still be able to divide, but it cannot normally go back to form the original type of cell. In some circumstances stem cells can increase their numbers, giving rise only to more stem cells. However, stem cells in the adult are usually in tune with the tissue to which they belong. They divide at the appropriate rate to self renew and to give rise to just sufficient differentiated cells to replenish those that have been lost. However, with accidental trauma or disease the normal rate of regeneration is often too slow to allow for repair. This is particularly true within the nervous system, but also in other tissues where turnover is low, such as the pancreas. How can we harness stem cells to cure diseases? We have become very used to the idea of organ transplants in medicine, to treat a wide range of problems from cataracts to kidney or heart disease. However, we are also all aware of the frequency with which they fail, often through immune rejection, and there is also a serious shortage of organ donors. Both problems could be solved if tissue could be taken from one part of the body to repair another part of the same individual. There are relatively few cases where this is done at present, e.g. using valves from leg veins to repair heart valves. Rather than using whole donor organs or tissues, an alternative would be to use the stem cells able to form those tissues. In fact this is already done with bone marrow transplants, where the stem cells in the graft can regenerate all the different types of cell in the blood. Other types of stem cell could be used in a similar way. For example, the correct stem cell type might allow specific cell types to be replaced in the nervous system, where it is impossible to transplant whole structures. The idea is to identify and remove the stem cells from a particular tissue, multiply them outside of the body and then use them to replace damaged tissue. .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .postImageUrl , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:hover , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:visited , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:active { border:0!important; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:active , .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafd38ffedeac7babee4559ef614541ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christmas Gifts You Love (to Hate) Essay This is already done to some extent to repair skin in burn victims, where a small piece of skin can be grown to cover a burn many times the .

Make Your Persuasive Essay Perfect with Our Writing Tips

Make Your Persuasive Essay Perfect with Our Writing Tips Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay Before writing any type of essay, it is crucial to determine its main purpose. Why is it important? Because the structure, the style and even the language you will use should be selected accordingly. Writing a persuasive essay usually requires a lot of efforts and time, which means that you should start working on it in advance. Before you proceed to write a persuasive paper, make sure you have looked through valuable writing tips that would simplify the process and provide you with the necessary background knowledge not to do the same job twice. First of all, divide your writing task into several stages, such as preparation, writing, editing and proof-reading. Preparation Stage Choose a topic which you are interested in enough and which would comprise ambivalent ideas. Decide which position you support. Investigate the issue in all directions. Pick up the strongest evidence for and against that would impress the reader and impact his/her attitude. Writing Stage This phase of your work will be much easier if youve followed the tips of the preparation stage. Youve done a huge progress in coming closer to the writing process and already have the material to give a verbal shape for your thoughts and transform them into the written text. Remember that your persuasive paper has to correspond to the fixed structure, which consists of the introduction, main body and conclusions and in whole includes five or six paragraphs. A relatively short introductory paragraph should contain up to 4 sentences and reveal intentions and position you stand for: The first sentence is known as a hook sentence that would capture the readers attention and make him/her want to read further. Next two sentences should provide the reader with a general overview of the problem. Finally, finish your introductory paragraph with a thesis statement and clearly state your attitude. The main body of a persuasive essay usually comprises three paragraphs, each of which is devoted to one solid evidence. Dont overload your body paragraphs with too many supporting details. Three points for and one against are enough to convince the reader or change his/her viewpoint. The conclusion, by-turn, is nothing else but restating and emphasizing o the key aspects, youve mentioned in the main body paragraphs of the essay. Make sure you dont use the same vocabulary. Editing Stage Its a high time to proceed to edit your treasure! Pay attention to congruency, consistency and grammatical correctness of the essay. Check on evidence and language relevance or, even better, ask a literate person to help you. Proof-Reading Stage Its not the end yet. Your final but not any less important writing stage is a proof-reading. Its better to read your final draft after a while. Otherwise, it wont be very effective. Let your mind rest a bit and only after that have a fresh look at your persuasive essay. We hope our writing tips helped you to improve your writing skills and made you one step closer to perfection.

More Confusing Spanish Verb Pairs

More Confusing Spanish Verb Pairs Spanish students usually learn fairly early in their studies about how to distinguish between the two main verbs for to be, ser and estar, and the two main verbs for to know, saber and conocer. But because they arent used as often, it is easy to overlook some of the other confusing verb pairs. Among those pairs are those for the verbs to ask, to leave, to apply, to have, to play and to take. This list is by no means exhaustive, but if you can learn how to properly translate these verbs into Spanish you will be well on your way to avoiding some of the most common verb-choice mistakes made by non-native speakers. To Ask If youre making a request for a thing or some action, use pedir. But if youre asking for information about something, use preguntar. Remember that pedir can be translated as ask for or request, so you dont need to follow it with a preposition. Me pidià ³ tres dà ³lares, he asked me for $3. Me preguntà ³ por tres dà ³lares, he asked me about the $3 (as what happened to it). Me pidià ³ que cocinara la comida, she asked me to cook the meal. Preguntà ³ si habà ­a cocinado la comida, she asked me if I had cooked the meal. Note that pedir is irregular. To Leave If youre leaving in the sense of exiting or going away, use salir (you may remember that an exit in Spanish is una salida). But if youre leaving an object somewhere, use dejar. El tren sale a las ocho, the train leaves at 8. Dejà © mis libros en el tren, I left my books in the train. Dejar also can mean to leave in the less common sense of to allow.  ¡Dà ©jame salir! Leave me go! Note that salir is irregular. To Apply If youre applying in the sense of applying for a job, use solicitar. If youre applying something, use aplicar. Tres personas solicitan el puesto de redactor, three people are seeking the editors position. Tengo que aplicar el bronceador, I need to apply the suntan lotion. Note that aplicar is irregular. You also can use aplicarse for to apply oneself. Mi hijo se aplica mucho en sus tareas escolares, my son applies himself well to his homework. To Have To have in the sense of to possess is tener. Haber is usually used much as the English to have as an auxiliary verb with the past participle. Tengo tres libros, I have three books. He leà ­do tres libros, I have read three books. That difference is straightforward. But both verbs can also be used with que to indicate necessity. Tener que followed by an infinitive means to have to, while hay que (hay is a form of haber) also expresses necessity but doesnt specify who is performing the action. Tengo que leer tres libros, I have to read three books. Hay que leer tres libros, three books have to be read (or, it is necessary to read three books). Both tener and haber are irregular. To Play Use jugar when talking about playing a game, tocar when playing a musical instrument. Me gusta jugar al bà ©isbol, I like playing baseball. No me gusta tocar el piano, I dont like playing the piano. Both jugar and tocar are irregular. To Take Use llevar for to take in the sense of to carry or to transport. But use tomar for to take in the sense of to take for ones use. Use sacar for take out in the sense of remove. Me llevas al aeropuerto, youre taking me to the airport. Tomo el tren al aeropuerto, Im taking the train to the airport. Tengo que tomar la medicina, I have to take the medicine. El dentista sacà ³ las muelas, the dentist took out the teeth. Sacar is irregular.

The Use of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Use of Social Media - Essay Example Needless to say, people use and depend on technology for their needs and the demand for technology has been on the rise (Lietsala & Esa 34). The impacts of technology on the society are far reaching. It has had both positive and negative effects on the society. However, it has had more positive effects than negative effects on the society. Technology has made the world we live in a small place to live. Technology, through social media has revolutionized how information is relayed and accessed. In reference to Collin et al (13), information spreads faster in social media than any other form of media. Most of the people first learn of any breaking news through social media. People have also switched from watching televisions for any updates to seeking such updates in the social media. This makes social networks the number one source of information for Americans. For instance, the news on the capture and killing of Osama bin Laden had spread faster even before President Obama made the announcement. People had already learnt about the incident through social networks and spread like wildfire. However, most of the people who saw the posts first did not believe them. This is because they thought it was just another internet hoax. Arguably, social media has been known to promote the spread of unreliable and false information . Almost 49% of people in United States have learnt of false reports in social media (Picazo-Vela et al. 506). Recently, social media were filled with false information that the missing Malaysian airlines had made a safe landing. After the plane was reported missing, numerous people spread news on Twitter and Facebook that the plane had made a safe landing in China. This news of safe landing was also picked up by international news media such as CNN and Malaysian media outlets. However, the rate of false information is lower than correct and reliable information. In most cases, media

Personal Philosophy of Education Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Philosophy of Education - Personal Statement Example Nevertheless, one of the most common factors that characterize most philosophies in education is the issue of social pedagogy. Social pedagogy refers to an educational approach that focuses on providing holistic education and cares to students (Lingard, Nixon, & Ranson, 2008 p. 23). Social pedagogues are guided by four main principles. These are holistic education, holistic wellbeing, promoting human welfare, and molding students to become responsible members of the society. Holistic education pays greater emphasis on issues such as cognitive development, emotional and spiritual development, as well as physical and practical skills development. My personal education philosophy is based on the belief that all educators should be social pedagogues. I believe that education should be seen as the process of empowering learners to make the best out of their lives regardless of their age. Therefore, education should not be seen as a way of discriminating or categorizing individual on the basis of their age or backgrounds. As such, the main approach should be regarding all learners as human beings who need to be taught how to make the best out of their lives (Tisdall, 2006 p. 34). In this regard, an education system should focus on empowering students to deal with contemporary challenges and issues affecting humans. For instance, contemporary education should focus on empowering learners to deal with issues such as climate change, terrorism, economic challenges, and the issues of globalization and cultural integration. I also believe that this kind of education can only be achieved in a specific learning environment that is characterized by a high sense of equality, sameness, and heightened interactions between educators and learner s. In lieu of this, educators have to consider learners, irrespective of their age, as fellow humans; hence the need to treat them equally.  

Industrial V.S. Pastoral Essay Example for Free

Industrial V.S. Pastoral Essay No other book has ever made me want to be a farmer more (or at all) than The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan. No other book has placed such a dark cloud of doom and gloom over such a seemingly simple topic such as food production. I’m of course not talking about two identical models. One model is of industrial agriculture contrasted by pastoral agriculture. In his research Michael Pollan visited farms of both styles, got to know the onsite operations, followed the food to its ultimate destination, and finally ate a meal created with the very ingredients he spent a week investigating. Michael describes the farm owned by George Naylor, which is of the industrial model, as being fairly easy in terms of manual labor but extremely difficult in the detective work. Detective work usually isn’t something that gets brought up often when talking about farms; here it is referring to the journalistic tracking that Michael Pollan had to do with Mr. Naylor’s staple crop corn. The difficulty in following a bushel of corn from the Naylor farm is his corn, along with the majority of corn grown in the U. S. will eventually wind up in practically everything we eat and use. He does a fabulous job of painting a picture of this river of corn and how it ebbs and flows throughout our lives eroding any dietary connection we once might have had to nature. Nature is after all a system based on diversity and here we see an entire nation built on and fueled by a single plant. The carbon in our flesh has even been tested and the findings were we are, after water, predominately corn. I was starting to think that there were too many chapters in this book about corn! It just kept going and going but once I realized how much it is entwined in our lives and how perhaps this is the only account of someone illuminating that truth it started to seem necessary. As those carbon tests showed we are what we eat, Pollan shows in his book we are what we eat eats. Just as diversity is the spice of life in an ecosystem so too is it necessary for the physical health of animals. We humans know that very well and apply it readily to our own diets but what happens when we don’t allow nature to run its course in the meals of our meals? The nutritional content suffers immensely; to the point where our entire notion of healthy foods is skewed. An example used by Pollan is our idea of the nutritional content in red meat and fish. It is considered self-evident that an excess of red meat will cause all sorts of health problems. Likewise it is pretty well known that most fish, especially salmon, is rich in the good omega 3 fats and should be a staple of our diets. Omega 3 fats are produced in the leaves of plants while omega 6 fats are produced in the seeds of plants. If a cow was grass fed he would produce a healthier steak than the fillet of a farm raised salmon. This is because that salmon is most likely raised on corn. One would think that the flip side of this coin would be an organic farm. Well that same person would probably be very shocked to read what Michael Pollan had to say about organic. People might even feel duped by places like Whole Foods. As it is described in the book organic should realistically be read â€Å"industrial organic† for the farms and slaughterhouses are hardly different at all. In fact, instead of steering it onto a whole new track the organic rules and regulations only make it that much harder to run a traditional industrial operation. What the author shows as the antithesis to industrial is pastoral. In this section he visits the polyface farm of Joel Salatin which is reminiscent of a farm you might find in the movie Babe. It is actually a huge relief to read about because up to this point in the book you are starting to question if this kind of farm even exists. In this parallel universe monoculture is a filthy word and the practices found in industrial food production are nothing short of reprehensible. This model mimics nature therefore it is complex and interdependent; each and every plant and animal are so entwined in each other’s existence it really begs the question ‘what came first the chicken or the egg? ’ But that is the whole point of polyface farming. Only through diversity (and remaining in the local market) can sustainable agriculture be achieved. Or put another way, all of our environmental/agricultural problems start from attempting to create a monoculture ecosystem. Ruminants graze the grass chewing about ? of the blade while simultaneously dropping cow pies. The bottom part of the grass that cows do not eat is favored by the chickens that follow in the hoof prints before them. Around this time the cow patties start to grow ripe with larvae which become extra protein for the chickens. While the chickens scratch around the cow dung they consequently spread the manure for the farmer. This is only a small piece of the pie in terms of the interactions between all species that live and work on polyface. This is also one of the cycles of nature that if left to its own devises extinguishes the farmers need for pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Salatin could be seen as the conductor while all the other organisms of the farm are the musicians and the instruments; he sees how nature works and makes sure all the conditions are perfect and helps nature along. With his many inventions and quirky optimistic attitude one can’t help but picture a cartoon character. Several times throughout the reading I was reminded of the industrial revolution; and not just because the industrial food chain was born out of it. I found it interesting how the industrial food chain resembled the industrial revolution in conditions only. It was bleak, mechanical, and the conditions the animals are kept in are just horrible and unsanitary. The mass wave of human innovation and change that came out of the industrial revolution is absent from that food system but are absolutely present at polyface. Obviously this is just one farm so the analogy might be weak but I feel the conditions of this one farm, if recreated and multiplied, could produce some amazing ideas and inspire positive change.

Essay example --

Foucault describes in the â€Å"carceral archipelago† and how it transported the technique from the penal institution to the entire social body on pg. 298 of the text in relation to how technologies, powers and disciplines were connected in a series of prisons, institutions, and other organizations that governed or directed how social norms, punishments and regulations were administered. The archipelago referred to a collection of islands, which show relationships and structural similarities, as well as differences. Foucault uses Mettray as an example to show the emergences of more formalized structure or accountability as we could term it today with examples of power-knowledge over individuals. Foucault describes Mettray as the most disciplinary form at its most extreme, explaining that the models in which are concentrated all the coercive technologies of our behavior (p. 293). The prison was successful because it structured prisoners through the processes of discipline and control. The prison showed that it had the capabilities to transform its functionality to applications and technologies other than the carceral (punitive), such as hospitals, schools, and other public administrations by making the power and knowledge that is held over individuals normal. Its systems, because they were so effective were not destined to remain exclusively to the punitive environment. The technology that they enveloped was extremely useful, and as a result, discipline and structure have been profoundly influential in the development of social norms and behaviors in societies. In modern society, the structure that was present in the carceral environment can be seen in virtually all systems and organizational structures; from federal, state... ...hich in turn is intended to normalize the individual’s behavior. In the application, map my walk, Foucault would view the process of recording and sharing results with peers through electronic communication also as the process of examination. Through the process of sharing information and gathering results and responses, the individual’s behavior becomes normalized through the judging practice; not only being judged both indirectly and directly by their peers, but also by judging themselves through their progress and/or failures. Both are essentially control through observational techniques. It is interesting because they coincide with the pressure that women place on themselves to manifest control over their bodies, both internally and externally. It is similar to a panoptic environment, where the woman monitors her own outcomes. Word Count: 234

Alexander the Great

| Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 . Alexander the Great | Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 . Alexander the Great | Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 .

Case Study Toyota crisis Essay

Organizational Crisis negatively effect organization’s name and image, as well as adversely impact employee by instilling doubt, insecurity and distrust (Tahmicioglu, 2010). Employees are directly effected by the crisis, as they are the primary stakeholders (Obston, 2014) and brand ambassadors of the company. Thus, to ensure wellbeing of employees, especially in time of catastrophe, they should be well informed and fostered under the guidance of company’s leaders. Leaders at Toyota should take an immediate action; start with early internal crisis communication, take accountability and show their commitment to resolving the crisis. Male (2004) suggests, being proactive and transparent lessen doubt and distress among employees. It will be beneficial if a live talk is set up with the employees. Live podcast will personalize the message, and will allow employees to directly hear compassion and empathy in the leader’s voice. Establishing an active feedback loop is also very effective (Miller, 2014), an online forum on company’s intranet will be a great way to facilitate two-way dialogues between employees and executives. The forum will be pivotal in giving direct feedback to employees’ questions and concerns, and for consistently providing updated information. Along with starting communication, hotlines dedicated for crisis should be provided as part of employee assistance program; employees should be encouraged to actively use the services to get professional help they need for dealing with crisis. Lack of immediate dialogue leads to speculation (Miller, 2014), and when the magnitude of the crisis is as big as Toyota’s recall, consistent media scrutiny and amplification of negative news can further fuel anxiety and uncertainty among employees (Cole, 2011). Therefore, its imperative leaders eradicate uncertainty by giving timely crisis communication that precedes external news and provide continuing support to employees. An early two-way dialogue is a good start to lessen the chaos among distressed employees. However, in addition to continuing practice of honest internal communication, for the long run, leaders will need to establish processes specific to employees’ welfare to restore lost trust.  Organizational strategy needs to improve to rectify behaviors that effected employees’ welfare in past. Toyota’s work philosophy which Liker (2004) described as â€Å"The Toyota way,† was known for continuous improvement and people development; however, aggressive focus on rapid growth (Cole, 2011) resulted in detrimental practices, such as, reward system based on cost control versus quality control, poor training, declining working conditions and work overload (Sullivan, 2010; McNeill, 2013; Cole, 2011). These practices were not only damaging to employees trust, but also clearly violated psychological contract (Rousseau, 1995) of Toyota employees. To rebuild eroded trust caused by the violation of contract, leaders need to validate employees wellbeing is not compromised again. Gillespie and Dietz (2012) recommend implementing a strategy that will safeguard against future untrustworthy actions. This can be done by articulating and enacting a system instilled with high ethical standard, clearly communicated processes and better working conditions. Providing flexible working hours, manageable workload and regular training programs will prove leaders mean well; consistently incorporating employees voice will assure their role is imperative in recovery of company image. Lastly, proactively engaging in regular evaluation of processes will result in improved performance and ultimately recapturing the reputation. References: 1. Cole, R. E. (2011). What Really Happened to Toyota. MIT Sloan Management Review – The New Business of Innovation. 2. Gillespie, N., & Dietz, G. (2012). The recovery of trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair. Institute of Business Ethics: London. 3. John, S. (2010). A think Piece: How HR caused Toyota to Crash. Retrieved from http://www.ere.net 4. Liker, J. (2004). The Toyota way 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill 5. Male, B. (2010). How to handle a product recall. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com 6. McNeill, D. (2013). Cover-up: Toyota and Quality Control. The Asia Pacific Journal, Vol 11, Issue 36, No. 1, 7. Miller, J. (2014). 4 Tips to help leaders communicate during a crisis. Retrieve from http://smartblogs.com 8. Obston, A. (2014). 5 ways to communicate with employees during a crisis. Retrieved from http://www.ragan.com 9. Tahmicioglu, E. (2010). Surviving your company’s mistake. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com 10. Rousseau, D. (1995). The psychological contract: Violations and Modifications. The Organizational Behavior Reader. 8th ed.

Jfk Assassination Essays - Single-bullet Theory, Warren Commission

Jfk Assassination Essays - Single-bullet Theory, Warren Commission Jfk Assassination Conspiracy or Single-gunman? Adolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II, once said, The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it. Although this may sound absurd, we can see many examples of this in the world's history. One example would have to be the John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassination. For over thirty years the people of the United States were led to believe that a single gunman had shot and killed Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m... However, in this paper, I will dispute the ancient analization of the facts that show a single gunman was involved, and try to show that a conspiracy must have taken place. According to the old facts regarding the case of the JFK assassination, Kennedy was killed by a single gunman. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. CST (Central Standard Time), Kennedy was riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. At this time, Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by a sniper. He was then taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Later, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, at a nearby theater. By the next morning, Oswald was booked for the murder of President John F. Kennedy. Two days later, Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner, while he was being moved from the city to the county jail. At a glance, the above story sounds as if this should be an open-and-shut case. After all, according to the facts above, Oswald must have killed Kennedy. However, you must take a deeper look into this case. Many people who witnessed the murder of John F. Kennedy dispute the facts above, saying that they heard shots from places besides the book depository, and other things that may contradict what is stated above. One of these witnesses, Abraham Zapruder, captured the entire assassination on his Bell and Howell video camera. This movie, cleverly called the Zapruder Film, is the single best piece of visual evidence in this case. In order to more clearly understand the Zapruder Film, it is necessary to break it down into frames. The particular Bell and Howell movie camera that Zapruder was using ran at about twenty frames per second. When using this frame system, you must remember that all shots were actually fired several frames before the number that is assigned to them. For example, the fatal heart wound, called Z313, was probably fired at Z310, since it took 2-3 frames at about twenty frames per second for the bullet to reach the victim. Also, you must remember that sound travels very quickly at an impossible speed. When keeping this in mind, it is expected that witnesses heard the shot at some point after the bullet passed. The following shows a break down of the frames of the Zapruder film: The Presidential limousine first comes into view at frame 133 (the starting point of this timeline.) The first shot at (or just before) Z187 would have passed through both Governor Connally and the President. The second shot, which passed above the limousine at Z284, missed the President and hit the curb near witness James Tague. This caused his minor wound. At Z313, the fatal shot occurs, which blew out major portions of the Presidents brain and skull. - A fourth shot occurred at Z323 (slightly 1/2 second after the fatal wound at Z313). Due to the proximity of this report to the one at Z313, as well as it's more distant origin, most witnesses were unable to hear this shot. Therefore, the above is when the bullets hit either Kennedy or Connally, or passed through the frames of the Zapruder film. Of the one-hundred seventy-eight witnesses at Dealey Plaza, one-hundred thirty- two said that they hear exactly three shots. If Oswald was a single gunman, it would have taken him at least 2. 3 seconds to reload his Mannlicher Carcano rifle. However, the general consensus of the witnesses is that they heard a single shot, followed by silence, with the second and third shots bunched together. For example, Lee Bowers, one of the witnesses, testified, I heard three shots, one, then

Content Audit Template How To Improve Your Content - CoSchedule

Content Audit Template How To Improve Your Content Here’s a common situation: You’re creating lots of content. You pour your heart and soul into creating stuff you think your audience will find extremely useful. So†¦ how is that content working out for you? Content audits are a perfect way to help you understand what’s working- and what you can improve- to get the results you need from your content. Is It The Best? Improve Your Content With An Audit Template.Plus, it’ll only take a day or two to complete your content audit with this template. If you’ve got a 50-page website, use this content audit template to complete the job in less than four hours. Have a 1,500-page site? Give yourself two days. The Basic Elements Of This 3-Step Content Audit Template These are the three components of a successful content audit: Discover what content worked. Figure out a way to improve your content. Make a plan to optimize, create and promote your content for the next 6–12 months. Step 1: Figure Out What Content Worked Using The Pareto Principle Start with the 80/20 Rule. The 80/20 Rule, a.k.a. â€Å"The Pareto Principle†, suggests that 80% of your results come from 20% of your efforts. To apply the 80/20 rule to your content audit, find which 20% of your content creates 80% of your results. For example, if you want to generate more website traffic, then determine which 20% of your website pages generate 80% of your traffic. Content Audit Template How To Improve Your Content Here’s a common situation: You’re creating lots of content. You pour your heart and soul into creating stuff you think your audience will find extremely useful. So†¦ how is that content working out for you? Content audits are a perfect way to help you understand what’s working- and what you can improve- to get the results you need from your content. Is It The Best? Improve Your Content With An Audit Template.Plus, it’ll only take a day or two to complete your content audit with this template. If you’ve got a 50-page website, use this content audit template to complete the job in less than four hours. Have a 1,500-page site? Give yourself two days. The Basic Elements Of This 3-Step Content Audit Template These are the three components of a successful content audit: Discover what content worked. Figure out a way to improve your content. Make a plan to optimize, create and promote your content for the next 6–12 months. Step 1: Figure Out What Content Worked Using The Pareto Principle Start with the 80/20 Rule. The 80/20 Rule, a.k.a. â€Å"The Pareto Principle†, suggests that 80% of your results come from 20% of your efforts. To apply the 80/20 rule to your content audit, find which 20% of your content creates 80% of your results. For example, if you want to generate more website traffic, then determine which 20% of your website pages generate 80% of your traffic.

Interview student from Russia Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interview student from Russia - Article Example These are special workshops, where we meet together and discuss current issues. I try to visit as many activities as possible, for example, we have workshops on politics, economics, films and music, literature. During our last meeting (before I went to the US) we discussed the perspective of the European Union and the results of referendums in France and the Netherlands. As for me, I think, this idea has always been a bit artificial, it doesn't bring much profit comparing with the money that is spent to support it, look at the Euro, its strength won't last for long. But that is only my opinion. I am to prove it, I have to write an essay with my ideas. - In the beginning of the 90s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was felt lack of finance in education, while in the US there was much attention paid to it. In the Soviet Union education was free; nowadays we have an alternative, whether to study at the state or private (which means one is to pay much for it) school, college, university. By the way, the same situation is in the sphere of medicine. - Officially, yes, but the waiting list would be very long, so, most probably, you wouldn't need any medical treatment already. That's why unofficially you have to give money to doctors or buy medicines. Then, speaking about the system of education, as for me, I study at the State University for free and even get a scholarship, but there are students who pay for their studies and these sums are really large, so, I'm afraid, higher education is not available for everyone. - In the US you have the opportunity to decide by yourself whether to study only or to work or combine your job with studies at the college or university. I think, that working while studying is very important because it is a good training and experience. - In Russia education is compulsory only for first eight classes, then you can go to work, if you want to enter the university, you are to study for two more years, and then try to pass your exams for higher education. I try to combine studies and job, though sometimes it causes problems either at the University of at work... - Let's talk about everyday life in Russia. In what ways is it interesting or strange Is it harder or easier for an average citizen in financial aspect, for example Is it hard for you, in particular - Yes. I understand. In Western countries there are very many stereotypes about Russia: that its whole population consists either of starving alcoholics or gangsters (or gangsters-alcoholics). But fortunately it is not so. Believe me. Of course, there are gangsters, like in any country - in big cities it can be rather dangerous to appear in the street late at night. As for vodka, it is still a problem, especially in the countryside, because people can't find job there, the Soviet system of kolkhoz and sovkhoz (farms which belong to the state)